By whom was Judah destroyed in 586 BC?

Judah was destroyed in 586 BC by the Babylonians under King Nebuchadnezzar II. This event marked a significant moment in the history of the Israelites as it led to the destruction of Jerusalem, including Solomon's Temple, and the subsequent Babylonian Exile. The Babylonians had a strategic interest in Judah due to its geopolitical location and wealth. The siege of Jerusalem culminated in their conquest, which resulted in the displacement of many Judeans to Babylon.

The Assyrians are known for earlier conquests of the northern kingdom of Israel, while the Egyptians had significant influence in the region but were not directly involved in the fall of Judah in 586 BC. The Romans came much later, with their activities primarily affecting the region in the first century AD. Thus, the Babylonians are indeed the correct answer regarding the destruction of Judah in 586 BC.