How many censuses are recorded in the book of Numbers?

The book of Numbers includes two distinct censuses of the Israelite population. The first census occurs in the early chapters, specifically in chapter 1, where the males eligible for military service are counted as the Israelites prepare to enter the Promised Land. This census serves to establish the size of the army and organization of the tribes.

The second census takes place in chapter 26, after a period of wilderness wandering, highlighting those who remain from the previous generation and the changes that have occurred in population and tribal structure. This census is significant as it indicates the transition to a new generation ready to enter the land, reflecting both continuity and change among the Israelites.

This two-census structure serves to frame the Israelites’ journey and God's faithfulness, emphasizing themes of judgment, renewal, and preparation for conquest in the Promised Land.