How many years had passed from the time Abraham's descendants arrived in Egypt until Moses was raised up?

The correct choice reflects the time that the Israelites spent in Egypt, which is documented in the scriptural references of Exodus. Specifically, Exodus 12:40-41 indicates that the Israelites were in Egypt for 430 years. This period begins with the arrival of Jacob (Israel) and his sons, during which they settled in Egypt to escape famine, and concludes with the Exodus under Moses’ leadership.

This duration is significant because it highlights the long period of oppression that the Israelites faced, which ultimately led to their desperate plea for deliverance, setting the stage for Moses’ pivotal role in their liberation as instructed by God. The reference to 430 years makes it clear that this time span encompasses not only Abraham's immediate descendants but also numerous generations leading to their eventual enslavement in Egypt.

This understanding is crucial for recognizing the context of liberation narratives within the Old Testament and the themes of covenant and promise that define the relationship between God and His people throughout scripture.