In translation theory, primary emphasis can be placed on which two types of equivalency?

The correct answer, which emphasizes formal and functional equivalency, reflects a foundational aspect of translation theory. Formal equivalence focuses on closely adhering to the syntax and structure of the source text, often aiming to provide a word-for-word translation. This approach helps to preserve the original wording and imagery, thus maintaining the form and style of the source material as closely as possible.

On the other hand, functional equivalence prioritizes conveying the intended meaning and context behind the source text, making it more natural and relatable to the target audience. This can often involve deviating from the exact wording or structure of the original language to better suit the linguistic and cultural norms of the translation language.

By recognizing both approaches, translators can balance fidelity to the original text with accessibility for readers, depending on the purpose and audience for which the translation is intended. This dual focus on formal and functional equivalency is crucial for producing translations that are both accurate and readable, allowing the message to resonate effectively across different cultures and languages.