What is the oldest interpretive approach to Song of Songs?

The allegorical interpretation of the Song of Songs is considered the oldest approach because it seeks to find deeper spiritual meanings beyond the literal text. This method views the poem as a representation of the relationship between God and His people, often understanding the romantic relationship depicted as an illustration of divine love. Ancient Jewish and early Christian commentators frequently utilized this approach, aiming to draw moral, theological, and mystical insights from the poetic imagery and symbolism present in the text.

This perspective has roots in the historical context of the text, where love and desire serve as metaphors for spiritual longing and connection with the divine. By considering the Song of Songs through an allegorical lens, interpreters were able to emphasize the beauty and depth of the spiritual relationship they believed existed between God and humanity.