Which aspect of Israel's identity was emphasized by prophets like Amos?

The emphasis on social justice by prophets such as Amos was a critical component of Israel's identity, particularly in the context of the Old Testament. Amos, a shepherd from Judah, delivered messages to the northern kingdom of Israel during a time of relative prosperity but also significant social inequality. He condemned the exploitation of the poor and the corruption that was rampant among the leaders and wealthy classes.

In his prophecies, Amos highlighted the importance of righteousness and justice, famously declaring that God desired justice to "roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream" (Amos 5:24). This focus on social justice underscored the belief that true worship of God must be accompanied by ethical behavior and care for the vulnerable members of society, such as the poor and the marginalized.

The other options do not align with Amos's core messages. While military power, religious rituals, and economic prosperity might have been aspects of Israel's identity at different points, Amos's prophetic call urged the nation to look beyond these elements and to recognize their collective moral responsibilities. His stance serves as a reminder that identity is shaped as much by actions and justice as by status or rituals.