Which concept is reflected in the Shema?

The Shema is a central declaration of faith in Judaism, found in Deuteronomy 6:4, which states, "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one." This profound statement emphasizes the belief in a single, unified God, making monotheism—the belief in one God—the foundational concept reflected in the Shema.

In contrast, polytheism refers to the belief in multiple gods, which is contrary to the essence of the Shema. Atheism denies the existence of any deity, while pantheism equates God with the universe itself, both of which do not align with the exclusive worship of one God as established in the Shema. Therefore, the Shema's affirmation of God's singular nature distinctly illustrates the principle of monotheism, underscoring its importance in Jewish faith and practice.