Which kingdom did Hosea prophesy to?

Hosea prophesied specifically to the northern kingdom of Israel, which distinguishes his message from that directed toward the southern kingdom of Judah and other nations such as Edom and Moab. The period of Hosea's ministry corresponded to a time of political instability and moral decay in Israel, as well as impending judgment due to the people's unfaithfulness to God. He vividly uses the metaphor of marriage to illustrate the relationship between Yahweh and Israel, portraying Israel's idolatry as akin to infidelity. This context makes it clear that his prophecies and calls for repentance were intended specifically for the inhabitants of Israel, underscoring the urgency and specificity of his message to that kingdom.