Which of the following is NOT a judge of Israel?

The reasoning behind identifying Bildad as the correct answer lies in his role and historical context in the Old Testament. Bildad is one of Job's friends, appearing in the Book of Job, which discusses the themes of suffering and divine justice. Unlike Deborah, Samson, and Jephthah, who are all recorded as judges in the Book of Judges, Bildad does not fulfill this role. The judges of Israel were leaders chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from oppression and guide them during tumultuous times. They had specific military, spiritual, and civil responsibilities.

Deborah is noted for her leadership in a male-dominated society, achieving victory over the Canaanites. Samson is renowned for his incredible strength and tumultuous life, while Jephthah is recognized for his victory over the Ammonites and the tragic vow he makes. Each of these figures exemplifies the qualities and functions of a judge, which Bildad does not. Therefore, Bildad’s absence from the role of a judge is why the answer is correct.